Document Type : Research
Authors
1
West Azarbayjan Research and Education Center and Natural Resource, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Urmia, Iran
2
Qazvin Research and Education Center and Natural Resource, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Urmia, Iran.
3
West Azarbayjan Research and Education Center and Natural Resource, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Urmia, Iran.
4
Kurdistan Agricultural & Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREOO, Sannadaj, Iran
10.22092/rhsj.2023.362114.1059
Abstract
Creation of autotetraploid seedless grapes is one of the methods to produce new cultivars for increasing the quality and yield of grapes. With the aim of creating an autotetraploid cultivar of Qermiz bidaneh grape, an experiment was carried out for 9 years (2014-2022). Four treatments using different concentrations and times of colchicine were compared on the buds of vines with the control (untreated) in bud burst stage. The amount of autotetraploidy was measured by chromosomal counting and karyotype preparation in treated vines. Autotetraploid rooted-cuttings were grown in the vineyard in CRBD design with a distance of 2 × 3 meters and were trained in two-bilateral cordon method. In two phases of vegetative and reproductive growth, the vegetative and reproductive traits of vines, as well as the quantitative and qualitative traits, were determined for five and three years, respectively. The results showed that the colchicine treatment at concentrations of 0.9% and 1.1% for 72 and 96 hours had the greatest effect on the tetraploidization. The vines from colchicine concentration of %1.1 for 96 hours with 8.250 kg yield per vine was superior to other treatments. Also, width and weight of cluster, berry length, width and weight of this treatment was superior, but it had the lowest number of berries compared to other treatments. TSS was highest in the autotetraploid treatment 72 hours /0.9 and %1.1 (23 °B), and the lowest was related to the treatment of %1.1 for 96 hours (18 °B), while the acidity of the fruit extract was the opposite. In terms of maturity index, the genotype of colchicine 72 hours/ %0.9 was superior to others. In the cluster analysis done, two groups including the control, tetraploid genotype 1, 2 and 3 were placed in one group and tetraploid genotype 4 was placed in the second group.
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