Evaluation of Cold Tolerance in Different Almond Cultivars/Genotypes Using Some Biological Markers of Leaf Buds

Document Type : Research

Authors

1 Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Architecture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

2 Temperate Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

10.22092/rhsj.2025.368643.1117

Abstract

This study evaluated biological markers in almond leaf buds associated with cold tolerance and their relationship to the cold tolerance of almond flower buds. Flower bud cold tolerance was assessed in 2019 and 2020 for 26 and 30 cultivars/genotypes, respectively, using thermal analysis, visual assessment, and ion leakage. Based on these assessments, cultivars/genotypes were classified into four clusters: sensitive, semi-sensitive, semi-tolerant, and tolerant. Compared to the sensitive cluster, the tolerant cluster exhibited the following differences in 2019 and 2020, respectively: exotherm temperatures were lower by 3.38°C and 2.97°C; ion leakage was reduced by 21% and 16%; soluble sugar content increased by 43% and 26%; hydrogen peroxide levels decreased by 20% and 42%; proline levels increased by 47% and 49%; antioxidant capacity increased by 24% and 16%; and phenolic compounds increased by 10% and 22%. Significant correlations were found between leaf bud biomarkers and flower bud cold tolerance indices, suggesting that leaf bud biomarkers are indicative of flower bud cold tolerance.

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Research in Horticultural Sciences
Volume 3, Issue 2
February 2025
Pages 123-140

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